Indigofera suffruticosa (சீமைநீலி) is an Indian herb used for various ailments by traditional healers. The present study is carried out to identify the phytochemical constituents of Indigofera suffruticosa plant leaves. Secondary metabolites like total phenolic and flavonoid content were analyzed by UV spectroscopy and antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of the leaves were detected. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of reducing sugar, tannin, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloid, glycoside, and steroid. Susceptibility testing by disc diffusion assay revealed significant antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of leaves against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (22mm), Escherichia coli (14mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16mm) and fungi against Klebsiella pneumonia (20mm), Aspergillus niger (22mm) and Candida albicans (38mm). These findings provide supportive evidence for the use of Indigofera suffruticosa in traditional medicines.

The study was carried out to clarify karyologically a part of the speciation system in Commelinaceae. There are very few karylogical studies recorded earlier but the intraspecific structure has not been clarified karyologically, though the chromosome number variable within the species. The genus Amischophacelus is represented by only two species namely A. axillaris and A.cucullata and both are distinguished by the presence of cucullate leaf sheath and seed characters. The genus Commelina is readily distinguished from other genera by means of its foliaceous bracts. In general this genus is a distinct one with several complexes. The chromosomes are mainly of medium size with mostly sub-median primary constrictions. In this respect it has close similarity with Murdannia where a dominant line of x = 10 is indicated. The aim of the present study is to supply further karyological information about aquatic members of Commelinaceae. Not only the genera differ among themselves in possessing various types of chromosomes in various combinations but also different species of a particular genus and even the varieties of a particular species possess distinct karyotypes of chromosomes. Based on the present study, morphological and karyological characters there are two cytotaxonomical groups have been formed, they are, Group I (Amischophacelus axillaris and A. cucullata) and group II (Commelina diffusa, C. diffusa ssp. aquatica and M. nudiflora).

Aquatic plants play an important role in aquatic systems where they provide food and habitat to fish, wildlife and aquatic organisms. Unfortunately, some aquatic plants often become a problem by stopping uses of water and threaten the structure and function of diverse native aquatic ecosystems. The aquatic weeds are those unwanted plants, growing in water and complete at least a part of their life cycle in water. Aquatic weeds are also responsible to reduce the available water resources by way of excess seepage or evapotranspiration process. When seasonal fluctuations occur, the diversity of aquatic plants is drastically changed and also it blocked the drainage canals of the colonies and irrigations canals badly due to its profuse growth. The present study, an intensive survey of the infestation of the waterways by the aquatic weed populations in the study area documented. This study provides new baseline information on the diversity, distribution, and interspecific associations of floating-leafed and submersed aquatic plants in Veeranam command area, that will be useful for managing and or controlling the plant species.

The pollutants and drastic environmental variation have adversely effected and changed water qualities namely colour, hardness, turbidity, alkalinity, pH, COD, BOD and TDS etc. Aquatic life also is affected. Changes in morphology of fish like colour, pigmentation, length, weight mass, structure of scales, fin rays etc. may occur. This cannot be ignored that the afore-mentioned variation may be responsible to develop new varieties or sub species. Unfortunately, negligible work is done in relation to fish fauna of Bundelkhand region in recent-past. Though, appreciable limnological work is done, yet the fish fauna remained unexplored. The fauna study is of tremendous significance in determining population density and calculating sub specific diversity and conservation of ecosystem in Damoh District.